More specific tests such as implantable loop recorders, tilt table testing or carotid sinus massage may be useful in uncertain cases. Low blood pressure and a fast heart rate after the event may indicate blood loss or dehydration, while low blood oxygen levels may be seen following the event in those with pulmonary embolism. Heart related causes also often have little history of a prodrome. The ECG is useful to detect an abnormal heart rhythm, poor blood flow to the heart muscle, and other electrical issue such as long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome. Ī medical history, physical examination, and electrocardiogram (ECG) are the most effective ways to figure out the underlying cause. This is often due to medications that a person is taking but may also be related to dehydration, significant bleeding or infection. The final type of syncope is due to a drop in blood pressure from standing up. This type of syncope may also occur when an area in the neck known as the carotid sinus is pressed. This may occur from either a triggering event such as exposure to blood, pain, strong feelings or a specific activity such as urination, vomiting, or coughing. Neurally mediated syncope occurs when blood vessels expand and heart rate decreases inappropriately. Heart related causes may include an abnormal heart rhythm, problems with the heart valves or heart muscle and blockages of blood vessels from a pulmonary embolism or aortic dissection among others. Issues with the heart and blood vessels are the cause in about 10% and typically the most serious while neurally mediated is the most common. There are three broad categories of causes: heart or blood vessel related, reflex also known as neurally mediated, and orthostatic hypotension. Ĭauses range from non-serious to potentially fatal. It is recommended that presyncope be treated the same as syncope. If a person does not completely lose consciousness and muscle strength it is referred to as presyncope. Syncope may also be associated with a short episode of muscle twitching. These symptoms may include lightheadedness, sweating, pale skin, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, and feeling warm, among others. Some causes have prodromal symptoms before the loss of consciousness occurs. It is due to a decrease in blood flow to the entire brain usually from low blood pressure. Syncope, also known as fainting, is defined as a short loss of consciousness and muscle strength, characterized by a fast onset, short duration, and spontaneous recovery.
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